To cite metANN in publications, please use: References for implemented optimization algorithms and neural network components: References for metaheuristic-based neural network training: Dilber B, Ozdemir A (2026). _metANN: Metaheuristic and Gradient-Based Optimization for Neural Network Training and Continuous Problems_. R package version 0.1.0, . A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is @Manual{, title = {metANN: Metaheuristic and Gradient-Based Optimization for Neural Network Training and Continuous Problems}, author = {Burak Dilber and A. Firat Ozdemir}, year = {2026}, note = {R package version 0.1.0}, url = {https://github.com/burakdilber/metANN}, } Kennedy J, Eberhart R (1995). “Particle Swarm Optimization.” In _Proceedings of ICNN'95 - International Conference on Neural Networks_, volume 4, 1942-1948. doi:10.1109/ICNN.1995.488968 . A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is @InProceedings{, title = {Particle Swarm Optimization}, author = {James Kennedy and Russell Eberhart}, booktitle = {Proceedings of ICNN'95 - International Conference on Neural Networks}, year = {1995}, volume = {4}, pages = {1942--1948}, doi = {10.1109/ICNN.1995.488968}, } Storn R, Price K (1997). “Differential Evolution - A Simple and Efficient Heuristic for Global Optimization over Continuous Spaces.” _Journal of Global Optimization_, *11*, 341-359. doi:10.1023/A:1008202821328 . A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is @Article{, title = {Differential Evolution -- A Simple and Efficient Heuristic for Global Optimization over Continuous Spaces}, author = {Rainer Storn and Kenneth Price}, journal = {Journal of Global Optimization}, year = {1997}, volume = {11}, pages = {341--359}, doi = {10.1023/A:1008202821328}, } Goldberg D (1989). _Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning_. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is @Book{, title = {Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning}, author = {David E. Goldberg}, publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, address = {Reading, MA}, year = {1989}, } Karaboga D, Basturk B (2007). “A Powerful and Efficient Algorithm for Numerical Function Optimization: Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) Algorithm.” _Journal of Global Optimization_, *39*, 459-471. doi:10.1007/s10898-007-9149-x . A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is @Article{, title = {A Powerful and Efficient Algorithm for Numerical Function Optimization: Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) Algorithm}, author = {Dervis Karaboga and Bahriye Basturk}, journal = {Journal of Global Optimization}, year = {2007}, volume = {39}, pages = {459--471}, doi = {10.1007/s10898-007-9149-x}, } Mirjalili S, Mirjalili S, Lewis A (2014). “Grey Wolf Optimizer.” _Advances in Engineering Software_, *69*, 46-61. doi:10.1016/j.advengsoft.2013.12.007 . A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is @Article{, title = {Grey Wolf Optimizer}, author = {Seyedali Mirjalili and Seyed Mohammad Mirjalili and Andrew Lewis}, journal = {Advances in Engineering Software}, year = {2014}, volume = {69}, pages = {46--61}, doi = {10.1016/j.advengsoft.2013.12.007}, } Mirjalili S, Lewis A (2016). “The Whale Optimization Algorithm.” _Advances in Engineering Software_, *95*, 51-67. doi:10.1016/j.advengsoft.2016.01.008 . A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is @Article{, title = {The Whale Optimization Algorithm}, author = {Seyedali Mirjalili and Andrew Lewis}, journal = {Advances in Engineering Software}, year = {2016}, volume = {95}, pages = {51--67}, doi = {10.1016/j.advengsoft.2016.01.008}, } Rao R, Savsani V, Vakharia D (2011). “Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization: A Novel Method for Constrained Mechanical Design Optimization Problems.” _Computer-Aided Design_, *43*, 303-315. doi:10.1016/j.cad.2010.12.015 . A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is @Article{, title = {Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization: A Novel Method for Constrained Mechanical Design Optimization Problems}, author = {R. V. Rao and V. J. Savsani and D. P. Vakharia}, journal = {Computer-Aided Design}, year = {2011}, volume = {43}, pages = {303--315}, doi = {10.1016/j.cad.2010.12.015}, } Fu Y, Liu D, Chen J, He L (2024). “Secretary Bird Optimization Algorithm: A New Metaheuristic for Solving Global Optimization Problems.” _Artificial Intelligence Review_, *57*, 123. doi:10.1007/s10462-024-10729-y . A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is @Article{, title = {Secretary Bird Optimization Algorithm: A New Metaheuristic for Solving Global Optimization Problems}, author = {Youfa Fu and Dan Liu and Jiadui Chen and Ling He}, journal = {Artificial Intelligence Review}, year = {2024}, volume = {57}, pages = {123}, doi = {10.1007/s10462-024-10729-y}, } Kingma D, Ba J (2015). “Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization.” In _International Conference on Learning Representations_. A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is @InProceedings{, title = {Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization}, author = {Diederik P. Kingma and Jimmy Ba}, booktitle = {International Conference on Learning Representations}, year = {2015}, } Nair V, Hinton G (2010). “Rectified Linear Units Improve Restricted Boltzmann Machines.” In _Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Machine Learning_, 807-814. A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is @InProceedings{, title = {Rectified Linear Units Improve Restricted Boltzmann Machines}, author = {Vinod Nair and Geoffrey E. Hinton}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Machine Learning}, year = {2010}, pages = {807--814}, } Bridle J (1990). “Probabilistic Interpretation of Feedforward Classification Network Outputs, with Relationships to Statistical Pattern Recognition.” In _Neurocomputing: Algorithms, Architectures and Applications_, 227-236. Springer. A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is @InCollection{, title = {Probabilistic Interpretation of Feedforward Classification Network Outputs, with Relationships to Statistical Pattern Recognition}, author = {John S. Bridle}, booktitle = {Neurocomputing: Algorithms, Architectures and Applications}, publisher = {Springer}, year = {1990}, pages = {227--236}, } Montana D, Davis L (1989). “Training Feedforward Neural Networks Using Genetic Algorithms.” In _Proceedings of the 11th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence_, 762-767. A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is @InProceedings{, title = {Training Feedforward Neural Networks Using Genetic Algorithms}, author = {D. J. Montana and L. Davis}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, year = {1989}, pages = {762--767}, } Ilonen J, Kamarainen J, Lampinen J (2003). “Differential Evolution Training Algorithm for Feed-Forward Neural Networks.” _Neural Processing Letters_, *17*, 93-105. doi:10.1023/A:1022995128597 . A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is @Article{, title = {Differential Evolution Training Algorithm for Feed-Forward Neural Networks}, author = {J. Ilonen and J.-K. Kamarainen and J. Lampinen}, journal = {Neural Processing Letters}, year = {2003}, volume = {17}, pages = {93--105}, doi = {10.1023/A:1022995128597}, } Karaboga D, Ozturk C (2009). “Neural Networks Training by Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm on Pattern Classification.” _Neural Network World_, *19*(3), 279-292. A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is @Article{, title = {Neural Networks Training by Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm on Pattern Classification}, author = {D. Karaboga and C. Ozturk}, journal = {Neural Network World}, year = {2009}, volume = {19}, number = {3}, pages = {279--292}, } Mirjalili S (2015). “How Effective is the Grey Wolf Optimizer in Training Multi-Layer Perceptrons.” _Applied Intelligence_, *43*, 150-161. doi:10.1007/s10489-014-0645-7 . A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is @Article{, title = {How Effective is the Grey Wolf Optimizer in Training Multi-Layer Perceptrons}, author = {S. Mirjalili}, journal = {Applied Intelligence}, year = {2015}, volume = {43}, pages = {150--161}, doi = {10.1007/s10489-014-0645-7}, } Dilber B, Ozdemir A (2026). “A novel approach to training feed-forward multi-layer perceptrons with recently proposed secretary bird optimization algorithm.” _Neural Computing and Applications_, *38*(5). doi:10.1007/s00521-026-11874-x . A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is @Article{, title = {A novel approach to training feed-forward multi-layer perceptrons with recently proposed secretary bird optimization algorithm}, author = {Burak Dilber and A. Firat Ozdemir}, journal = {Neural Computing and Applications}, year = {2026}, volume = {38}, number = {5}, doi = {10.1007/s00521-026-11874-x}, }