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# CITATION file created with {cffr} R package
# See also: https://docs.ropensci.org/cffr/
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cff-version: 1.2.0
message: 'To cite package "cNORM" in publications use:'
type: software
license: AGPL-3.0-only
title: 'cNORM: Continuous Norming'
version: 3.4.0
identifiers:
- type: doi
  value: 10.32614/CRAN.package.cNORM
abstract: 'A comprehensive toolkit for generating continuous test norms in psychometrics
  and biometrics, and analyzing model fit. The package offers both distribution-free
  modeling using Taylor polynomials and parametric modeling using the beta-binomial
  distribution. Originally developed for achievement tests, it is applicable to a
  wide range of mental, physical, or other test scores dependent on continuous or
  discrete explanatory variables. The package provides several advantages: It minimizes
  deviations from representativeness in subsamples, interpolates between discrete
  levels of explanatory variables, and significantly reduces the required sample size
  compared to conventional norming per age group. cNORM enables graphical and analytical
  evaluation of model fit, accommodates a wide range of scales including those with
  negative and descending values, and even supports conventional norming. It generates
  norm tables including confidence intervals. It also includes methods for addressing
  representativeness issues through Iterative Proportional Fitting.'
authors:
- family-names: Lenhard
  given-names: Alexandra
  email: lenhard@psychometrica.de
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8680-4381
- family-names: Lenhard
  given-names: Wolfgang
  email: wolfgang.lenhard@uni-wuerzburg.de
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8184-6889
- family-names: Gary
  given-names: Sebastian
preferred-citation:
  type: article
  title: Continuous Norming (cNORM)
  authors:
  - family-names: Lenhard
    given-names: Alexandra
    email: lenhard@psychometrica.de
    orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8680-4381
  - family-names: Lenhard
    given-names: Wolfgang
    email: wolfgang.lenhard@uni-wuerzburg.de
    orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8184-6889
  - family-names: Gary
    given-names: Sebastian
  journal: The Comprehensive R Archive Network
  year: '2018'
  url: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=cNORM
repository: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=cNORM
repository-code: https://github.com/WLenhard/cNORM
url: https://www.psychometrica.de/cNorm_en.html
date-released: '2024-11-04'
contact:
- family-names: Lenhard
  given-names: Wolfgang
  email: wolfgang.lenhard@uni-wuerzburg.de
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8184-6889
references:
- type: article
  title: A continuous solution to the norming problem
  authors:
  - family-names: Lenhard
    given-names: Alexandra
  - family-names: Lenhard
    given-names: Wolfgang
  - family-names: Suggate
    given-names: Sebastian
  - family-names: Segerer
    given-names: Robin
  journal: Assessment
  year: '2018'
  volume: '25'
  issue: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191116656437
  start: '112'
  end: '125'
- type: article
  title: 'Continuous norming of psychometric tests: A simulation study of parametric
    and semi-parametric approaches'
  authors:
  - family-names: Lenhard
    given-names: Alexandra
  - family-names: Lenhard
    given-names: Wolfgang
  - family-names: Gary
    given-names: Sebastian
  journal: PloS One
  year: '2019'
  volume: '14'
  issue: '9'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222279
- type: article
  title: Improvement of Norm Score Quality via Regression-Based Continuous Norming
  authors:
  - family-names: Lenhard
    given-names: Wolfgang
  - family-names: Lenhard
    given-names: Alexandra
  journal: Educational and Psychological Measurement
  year: '2020'
  volume: Online First
  url: https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164420928457
  start: 1-33
- type: article
  title: 'Reducing the bias of norm scores in non-representative samples: Weighting
    as an adjunct to continuous norming methods'
  authors:
  - family-names: Gary
    given-names: Sebastian
  - family-names: Lenhard
    given-names: Alexandra
  - family-names: Lenhard
    given-names: Wolfgang
  - family-names: Herzberg
    given-names: David S.
  journal: Assessment
  year: '2023'
  volume: Online First
  url: https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911231153832
  start: 1-33
- type: article
  title: A tutorial on automatic post-stratification and weighting in conventional
    and regression-based norming of psychometric tests
  authors:
  - family-names: Gary
    given-names: Sebastian
  - family-names: Lenhard
    given-names: Wolfgang
  - family-names: Lenhard
    given-names: Alexandra
  - family-names: Herzberg
    given-names: David S.
  journal: Behavioral Research Methods
  year: '2023'
  volume: Online First
  url: https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-023-02207-0