Title: | Estimate Causal Effects with Borrowing Between Data Sources |
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Description: | Estimate population average treatment effects from a primary data source with borrowing from supplemental sources. Causal estimation is done with either a Bayesian linear model or with Bayesian additive regression trees (BART) to adjust for confounding. Borrowing is done with multisource exchangeability models (MEMs). For information on BART, see Chipman, George, & McCulloch (2010) <doi:10.1214/09-AOAS285>. For information on MEMs, see Kaizer, Koopmeiners, & Hobbs (2018) <doi:10.1093/biostatistics/kxx031>. |
Authors: | Jeffrey A. Boatman [aut, cre], David M. Vock [aut], Joseph S. Koopmeiners [aut] |
Maintainer: | Jeffrey A. Boatman <[email protected]> |
License: | GPL (>= 3) |
Version: | 0.2.0 |
Built: | 2024-12-12 07:09:37 UTC |
Source: | CRAN |
A simulated data set used in the package vignette. Data generating mechanism is adapted from Hill (2011). Includes 3 data sources to illustrate borrowing information in estimate the population average treatment effect.
adapt
adapt
A data frame with 180 rows and 5 variables
the outcome
a variable associated with y and treatment
character variable with 3 levels: "Primary", "Supp1", "Supp2"
treatment variable. 1 = treated, 0 = untreated
compliance indicator. 1 = compliant to treatment, 0 = noncompliant to treatment
Hill, Jennifer L. (2011) Bayesian Nonparametric Modeling for Causal Inference. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 20:1, 217-240.
data(adapt) head(adapt)
data(adapt) head(adapt)
Computes an equal-tailed credible interval for an object of class 'pate'
credint(object, level = 0.95)
credint(object, level = 0.95)
object |
An object of class pate fit by the |
level |
the credible level required |
data(adapt) est <- pate(y ~ treatment*x + treatment*I(x ^ 2), data = adapt, estimator = "bayesian_lm", src_var = "source", primary_source = "Primary", trt_var = "treatment") credint(est)
data(adapt) est <- pate(y ~ treatment*x + treatment*I(x ^ 2), data = adapt, estimator = "bayesian_lm", src_var = "source", primary_source = "Primary", trt_var = "treatment") credint(est)
Estimates the population average treatment effect from a primary data source with potential borrowing from supplemental sources. Adjust for confounding by fitting a conditional mean model with the treatment variable and confounding variables.
pate( formula, estimator = c("BART", "bayesian_lm"), data, src_var, primary_source, exch_prob, trt_var, compliance_var, ndpost = 1000, model_prior = c("none", "power", "powerlog"), ... )
pate( formula, estimator = c("BART", "bayesian_lm"), data, src_var, primary_source, exch_prob, trt_var, compliance_var, ndpost = 1000, model_prior = c("none", "power", "powerlog"), ... )
formula |
An object of class formula. The left hand side must be the outcome, and the right hand side must include the treatment variable. To adjust for confounding, the right hand side must also include the confounders. For the Bayesian linear model, the use is responsible for specifying the function form. |
estimator |
"bayesian_lm" or "BART". If "bayesian_lm", a Bayesian linear model with a normal inverse-gamma prior. If "BART", Bayesian Additive Regression Trees |
data |
the data frame with the outcome variable and all variables in the formula |
src_var |
a character variable which variable indicates the source variable. Must match a column name in the data. |
primary_source |
character variable indicating the primary source. Must match
one of the values of |
exch_prob |
numeric vector giving prior probability that each source is exchangeable
with the primary source. Number of elements must be equal to the number of sources
minus 1. Each element must be between 0 and 1.
Order of probabilities should match the order returned by calling |
trt_var |
which variable indicates the treatment. Must match a column name in the data. Must be coded as numeric values 0 and 1, 0 for untreated, 1 for treated. |
compliance_var |
Optional argument if adjustment for confounding
due to noncompliance is needed. |
ndpost |
number of draws from the posterior |
model_prior |
specifices the prior probability of exchangebility of data sources. Details for priors are given in Boatman et al. (2020). |
... |
additional arguments passed to BART |
To adjust for confounding, the PATE is estimated using a model for the conditional mean given treatment and confounders. Currently, two models are available, a Bayesian linear model with an inverse-gamma prior, and Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART; Chipman & McCulloch, 2010). The user must specify a formula for the conditional mean. This requires more thought for the Bayesian linear model as the analyst must carefully consider the functional form of the regression relationship. For BART, the right hand side of the formula need only include the confounders and the treatment variable without specification of the functional form. If there is no confounding, the right hand side of the formula needs to include the treatment variable only.
If formula = "bayesian_lm"
, then the function fits the Bayesian linear model
The prior on the regression coefficients is normal with mean vector 0 and variance
matrix with diagonal elements equal to 100 and off-diagonal elements equal to 0.
The prior on is a Inverse Gamma(0.1, 0.1)
If formula = "BART"
, the function fits the Bayesian Additive Regression Trees
model, but with a modified prior on the terminal nodes. The prior on each terminal node
is
The package uses the default value
where is the number of trees and
is the variance of
.
Borrowing between data sources is done with
Multisource Exchangeability Models
(MEMs; Kaizer et al., 2018) . MEMs borrow by assuming that each supplementary data source
is either "exchangeable", or not, with the primary data source. Two data sources
are considered exchangeable if their model parameters are equal. Each data source
can be exchangeable with the primary data, or not, so if there are data
sources, there are
possible configurations regarding the exchangeability
assumptions. Each of these configurations corresponds to a single MEM.
The parameters for each MEM are estimated, and we compute a posterior probability
for each. The posterior density of the PATE is a weighted posterior across all
possible MEMs.
A list with components:
call |
The function call |
estimator |
The estimator used to adjust for confounding, "bayesian_lm" for Bayesian linear model, or "BART" for Bayesian additive regression trees |
EY0 |
Posterior draws of the expected potential outcome if all observations were treated. One column for each MEM |
EY1 |
Posterior draws of the expected potential outcome if all observations were untreated. One column for each MEM |
log_marg_like |
Log marginal likelihood for each MEM |
mem_pate_post |
Array containing, for each MEM, posterior draws for the population average treatment effect |
MEMs |
Matrix showing showing which data sources are exchangeable under each MEM. 1 = exchangeable. |
pate_post |
Posterior draws for the population average treatment effect. Weighted
average of |
post_probs |
Posterior probability that each MEM (shown in the list element |
exch_prob |
Prior probability that each source is exchangeable with the primary source. |
beta_post_mean |
If |
.
beta_post_var |
If |
.
beta_post_var |
If |
.
non_compliance |
Logical, indicating whether the model adjusted for confounding due to noncompliance |
Chipman, H. & McCulloch, R. (2010) BART: Bayesian additive regression trees. Annals of Applied Statistics, 4(1): 266-298.
Kaizer, Alexander M., Koopmeiners, Joseph S., Hobbs, Brian P. (2018) Bayesian hierarchical modeling based on multisource exchangeability. Biostatistics, 19(2): 169-184.
Boatman, Jeffrey A., Vock, David. M, and Koopmeiners, Joseph S. (2020) Borrowing from Supplemental Sources to Estimate Causal Effects from a Primary Data Source. arXiv:2003.09680
data(adapt) est <- pate(y ~ treatment*x + treatment*I(x ^ 2), data = adapt, estimator = "bayesian_lm", src_var = "source", primary_source = "Primary", trt_var = "treatment") summary(est)
data(adapt) est <- pate(y ~ treatment*x + treatment*I(x ^ 2), data = adapt, estimator = "bayesian_lm", src_var = "source", primary_source = "Primary", trt_var = "treatment") summary(est)