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# CITATION.cff file created with {cffr} R package
# See also: https://docs.ropensci.org/cffr/
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cff-version: 1.2.0
message: 'To cite package "VIM" in publications use:'
type: software
license: GPL-2.0-or-later
title: 'VIM: Visualization and Imputation of Missing Values'
version: 7.3.1
doi: 10.18637/jss.v074.i07
identifiers:
- type: doi
  value: 10.32614/CRAN.package.VIM
abstract: Provides methods for imputation and visualization of missing values. It
  includes graphical tools to explore the amount, structure and patterns of missing
  and/or imputed values, supporting exploratory data analysis and helping to investigate
  potential missingness mechanisms (details in Alfons, Templ and Filzmoser, <https://doi.org/10.1007/s11634-011-0102-y>).
  The quality of imputations can be assessed visually using a wide range of univariate,
  bivariate and multivariate plots. The package further provides several imputation
  methods, including efficient implementations of k-nearest neighbour and hot-deck
  imputation (Kowarik and Templ 2013, <https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v074.i07>), iterative
  robust model-based multiple imputation (Templ 2011, <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2011.04.012>;
  Templ 2023, <https://doi.org/10.3390/math11122729>), and machine learning–based
  approaches such as robust GAM-based multiple imputation (Templ 2024, <https://doi.org/10.1007/s11222-024-10429-1>)
  as well as random forest and gradient boosting (XGBoost) imputation (Niederhametner
  et al., <https://doi.org/10.1177/18747655251339401>). General background and practical
  guidance on imputation are provided in the Springer book by Templ (2023) <https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30073-8>.
authors:
- family-names: Templ
  given-names: Matthias
  email: matthias.templ@gmail.com
- family-names: Kowarik
  given-names: Alexander
  email: alexander.kowarik@statistik.gv.at
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8598-4130
- family-names: Alfons
  given-names: Andreas
- family-names: Gussenbauer
  given-names: Johannes
- family-names: Niederhametner
  given-names: Nina
- family-names: Vattheuer
  given-names: Eileen
- family-names: Cillia
  given-names: Gregor
  name-particle: de
  email: gregor.decillia@statistik.gv.at
- family-names: Rannetbauer
  given-names: Wolfgang
preferred-citation:
  type: article
  title: Imputation with the R Package VIM
  authors:
  - family-names: Kowarik
    given-names: Alexander
    email: alexander.kowarik@statistik.gv.at
    orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8598-4130
  - family-names: Templ
    given-names: Matthias
    email: matthias.templ@gmail.com
  journal: Journal of Statistical Software
  year: '2016'
  volume: '74'
  issue: '7'
  doi: 10.18637/jss.v074.i07
  start: '1'
  end: '16'
repository: https://cran.r-universe.dev
repository-code: https://github.com/statistikat/VIM
commit: a0acbef38ffe81043f48261d58879de6dee3d381
url: https://github.com/statistikat/VIM
date-released: '2026-09-11'
contact:
- family-names: Templ
  given-names: Matthias
  email: matthias.templ@gmail.com